Improvement iw hydraulic jacks



irnenovnninnr ini ernennen: mene;

Specification forming perf: of l'ietiers -ntent lio. fiilw'll, dated August l, 1865.

To all whom it may com-:ern:

Be it known that I, Rioniinn l`innenoN,.-ol` the city, connty, end Ernte oi lien' York, have invented certain nen' non nne'nl Improvement-e in Hydraulic Jacks, or Portable `Hydreulic ilrensen; end. l. in hereby declare thnttlie fol lowing, teken in connection willi the drawings,

is n lnll, clear, sind erect description thereof.

In the drawingre, Figure l is en elevation of e, Jnclr embodyingS the principles of inyinvention. Fig. 2 is elnngitndinnl section through `the naine et the centerline ol' lneeylinderenrl rain. Fig. 3 is n longitudinal :section through the pnnip, pump-plunger, valves, liuc., some of rbc parts being shoivn'in elevation. Fig. 4 is an elevation of the puinpfpiston, end Fig. 5 is n section through npnrnoi the pumpplunger end tl1erock-sh rift nrin thntixn parte motionl to it, explanatory of the npperntue for 'tripping the valves.

0n the Sth day of Jnly, A. D. 1851, Letters 'Peroni oi the United. Sintes were granted to me for n hydrnulicjnck, and along experience since then in their manufacture and use hes convinced me that there were certain defects in thejnclr then patented. These defects were, first, the tophenvinese of the jeclr, owing to the arrangement of the cistern on top of the plunger, nnd this arrangement also necessitnted so smell n cietern that the 'rem could not berunout to full length when the jaclr. was leid Y upon its side. The third difliculty arose from the sinne arrangement, which caused the actual len gth of the jack to he equal to the-com bined lengths ofthe ram and' the cistern, while its length of lift Wan less their the length ofthe rem alone. The weight beinglifted or held up was therefore farther than necessary above its,

base, and consequently more unsteady than necessary. Fonrthly, thejeck was en expensive instrument to build, and their greet cost `prevented their use 'in many ins'tf'inces where a cheaper instrument with the same good qualities would have been preferred to'the old Screw jack. With my old form of jecir, nioreoveit was almost impossible to lift weighty bodies ytion nini errnugeinent of parts of the jack now to be described obrintes nil these ditiienlties,

inni-der to Innlze this-jack IcnslaaI liox(\vl1ichV is the eistern) of iron or other metal, with n. solid proieclion, n, rsinglrom its bottom, and l prefer to form n continuons projecting ring on its lowerfside, ns :it b, so as ro prevent the sliding oi' thcjnck. The cistern haisbyprel cr'cnce, also, e protnhernnce, c, cnet upon itniu which is located the webmail-,which conveys mollen to the plunger; but theshnf't may be supported in any proper bearings; An aperture l in the lop of the box is thento be bored out. for the reception of the cylinder in which the reninioves, and through this aperture proper tonie nre to loe4 inserted to bore out n proper sent for the cylinder in the` bottom` of the cistern, end also the small vertical passage-wey d.

4Toole are then inserted through the opening into which the screwbonuet e isscrewed, and the pump cylinder or chamber is bored` out, extending through the bottom of theeistern.

The pznisnge--wa-iyfis then to beboredfrom the outside, `eirleurlingg from' d to the pump-chamber beloiv ille delivery-valve, and the opening between d nud lheoutside oifthe piston is to be closed by n pin or screwplugl` l The rem cylinder is to be passed through the top oi' the cistern nndfastened above "the j i passage d, any suitable packing and means of securing the cylinder being` `eniployed.` No pecking' is necessary at the joint between the cylinder and. the' upper part of the piston, and

l. prefer to pecl; the cylinder to the bottom of the cistern `by ar leather cup, as shown in `the drawings nt r. The rnrn is to be itted to the cylinder and packed in any usual orproper manner, and l prefer to forge a. clnivonmitnV upper end, ns shown in the drawings.

The lower or delivery valveseat il maybe H 4 f' shoved into place from either end of the pump-f chamber. The valve opens downward-and is kept to its seat by a sprng,`aud may be ref moved end replaced through the opening closed by the screw-bonnet z'.

Thepnnip-plnngerhastwopassnges,kk,leeds ing along its periphery, throughwhich liquid .l

can pass to the induction-valve, andis bored 1 out to receive e rod, m, which rests upon `the s. sacas stem of the induction-valve l. This valve opens The plunger or piston may he packed tight to the pump-cylinder in any usual or proper manner, and 1 prefer to extend it upward, as at 0,' to enter a cavity in the bonnet e, which thus serves as a guide to the plunger. The plunger is slotted through, as at p, and into this slot'projects amarm, d', secured upon the rockshaft d, which extends outside oi' the cistern,and haslformed :in it a socket, q, for the reception of the pump-handle. The arm d has f an open slot or groove formed in its lower side.

The upper part is so shaped relatively to that surface ot' the arm which causes the pum pplun ger to descend that it shall not touchthe rod m until the plunger is l'orced down nearly to its lowest limit. At that point in the motion of theplunger the top of the groove will strike the rodand will force it to descend' faster than the plunger. e i

I prefer to extend the cavity of the cistern around the ram-cylinder., and also to form the projection a in Contact with one of the sides of the cistern, for reasons hereinafter described.

An examination of the drawings by the aid of this description will show that there is but little tittingand few joints in ajack thus eonstrueted; that the piston and upper valve are easily accessible through the Aupper bonnet, and lower vvalve through thelower'bonnet; that the hase of the jack is large proportionally; that it is not top-heavy that its length of lift is all that is due 'to the length of the ram, while the jack as a whole is but little longer than the rain, and that a hook can he applied to the claw and project downward to take, hold near the ground .without danger ot" tripping thejack; and all these advantages in the use oi" the oontrivance arise from arran gin g the`bot toni of the eistern substantially on a level with the bottom ot' the ram-cylinder and projecting the cylinder out sidewisefroxn the cistern in such manner, asshown, that a hook hooked onto the claw may descend in close proximity to the rain-cylinder to take hold of Weights near the ground. By passing the 1anieylin-v der through the top ot' the cistrrn make a lirm attachment between the two, so that the ram-cylinder is firmly supported upon the base of the cistern, which is the base of'lhe jack, rand has no tendency to twist in its socket at the bottom of the cistern, as would 4be the ease ifit passed down outside ot' the cistern and were secured to .achannel-Way projecting from the oistern, which inferior planet' construction may he adopted when the pump is inclosed in the cistern.

l sometimes intend to shape the cistern so that a portion ot' the outside ot' the ram-cylinder touches the walls of the cistern; but .l prefer to malte yit :is/represented, as I thus increase the capacity of the cistern without projecting the cistern so t'ar as to cause any praetical inconvenience in lifting weights by taking hold of them near the ground; and I sometimes intend to form the pxojection a in the center of the eistern, but prefer to make it as shown, so that the pump may lie as lowlas possible when the jack is laid upon its side to shove weights along, for when .the pump lieslthns compara-tively low it ran take up a greater portion ot the fluid contained in the oistern, and thus enables me to .make a jack capable ofrunning out its ram to the full extent when ,laid on its side without-making the cistern of unreasonable size.

The drawings so fully explain the operation of the jack that I deem it unnecessary to describe it except in one point, and that is the method ot' lowering a. weight after "ithas been. lifted, orot' lowering the ram. Iii order to do this, the `pump-hanidh: is to he lifted as far as possible, and the arm d will then'force down the rod m', which will strike'the upper valve stem and throw that valve ulti' itslseat. rlhe oep a will then strike the stem ot the lower valve and throw it o its seat, and luid will liow haelt from the rameylinder into the cistern, permitting' the ram to descend.

I sometimes intend to use the arrangement.

of cistern and rain-cylinder herein described, with part of the cylinder inclosed in the piston, in connection with a pump outside of the cistern; 'but this plan is comparatively au imperfeet one, as it would involve additional expense in oonstruction.

I claim as ot' my own inventionl. The arrangement and construction of the cistern, pump-chamber, and ram-cylinder inl the manner hereinbet'ore described, and for the purposes set forth.

2. The relative arrangement of the pumpehaniher, cistern, and upper aperture of the p cistern, whereby the pump-chamber, although situated within the cistern and made in one piece with it, may nevertheless he bored out and have its plunger applied and removed, as set forth. y

3.' The combination and nirangement of tho rod within the plunger for tripping the valve, substantially as described.

4. The .arrangement of the pump-cylinder I Within the cistern and between two apertures closed by bonnets, as described, so that the eduetionevalve may he applied and removed from the under side of the cistern and the pumpv plunger may be applied and removed from the upper side of the cistern, as set forth.

ln witness whereof I have hereunto set my build. t

RICHARD DUDGEON. Witnesses:

WALTER BUCHANAN, JOHN F, DETTMAR. 

